Criminal law is a branch of the legal system that deals with offenses committed against the state or society as a whole. It encompasses a set of laws and legal procedures designed to identify, prosecute, and punish individuals who engage in criminal activities. Criminal offenses range from minor infractions to serious crimes, such as theft, assault, murder, and white-collar crimes.

The process of criminal law involves the government, acting on behalf of the public, bringing charges against an individual or entity accused of violating criminal statutes. Legal proceedings may include investigations, arrests, trials, and, if necessary, sentencing and punishment.

The burden of proof in criminal cases is typically higher than in civil cases, requiring evidence that establishes guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Penalties for criminal offenses may include fines, probation, imprisonment, or, in severe cases, capital punishment.